| Congresso Brasileiro de Microbiologia 2023 | Resumo: 1229-1 | ||||
Resumo:The early life is a critical period of human growth and development, with possible long-term consequences for human health. Together with the development of several organs and systems as the immune system and the brain, the gut microbiome is being assembled. The microbiome is well described for its role in nutrients absorption, protection against pathogens, immunomodulation, and maintenance of the gut barrier integrity. Several factors can affect the process of microbial colonization, including delivery mode, breastfeeding, antibiotics among others. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism linking protective and risk effects of such exposures. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the gut microbiome of vaginally and cesarean-delivered infants. We performed metagenomic sequencing on 966 fecal samples collected during the first year of life (3-9 months). The taxonomic and functional profiling was obtained using the bioBakery workflow. We found a significant change in the microbiome beta diversity over time (R2 1.8%, p < 0.001) followed by a significant increase in alpha diversity (p < 0.001). The abundance of Escheria coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium neonatale decreased over time while Bacteroides fragilis, Ruminococcus gnavus and Veillonella parvula abundance increased. Regarding microbial function, several biosynthesis pathways were increased in later months. Both delivery mode and exclusive breastfeeding significantly affected the microbiome in earlier months, although the effect was not distinguishable in later months. It suggests that as the infant grows other factors such as the interaction of the infant with the environment could be exercising major influences. Exclusive breastfed infant presented unique functional pathways such as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle pathway and lower abundance of Flavonifractor plautii, Veillonella sp. and Clostridium innocuum. In conclusion, the first year of life is remarkable by significant changes in microbiome communities’ composition, diversity, and functional profile, which is mostly driven by delivery mode and breastfeeding. Palavras-chave: gut microbiome, , infant,, breastfeeding, delivery mode Agência de fomento:Welcome Leap | |||||